Provides an overview, chronology of events, glossary and annotated bibliography for forensic science and DNA evidence.
Author: David E. Newton
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
ISBN: 9781438100197
Category: Law
Page: 273
View: 279
Provides an overview, chronology of events, glossary and annotated bibliography for forensic science and DNA evidence.This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309134404
Category: Science
Page: 272
View: 949
In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic tool--modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticists--and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.Introduction to Forensic DNA Evidence for Criminal Justice Professionals is designed for nonsc
Author: Jane Moira Taupin
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781439899106
Category: Law
Page: 192
View: 821
The use of DNA profiling in forensic cases has been considered the most innovative technique in forensic science since fingerprinting, yet for those with limited scientific knowledge, understanding DNA enough to utilize it properly can be a daunting task. Introduction to Forensic DNA Evidence for Criminal Justice Professionals is designed for nonscInformative text gives readers a basic understanding of DNA and how forensic analysts can examine criminal evidence and create a genetic chain that leads to the perpetrator.
Author: Cecilia Jennings
Publisher: Greenhaven Publishing LLC
ISBN: 9781534561755
Category: Juvenile Nonfiction
Page: 104
View: 159
One of the greatest scientific breakthroughs ever for law enforcement agencies was the discovery of DNA analysis. This relatively new science allows police to catch a criminal from evidence as small as a human hair. Informative text gives readers a basic understanding of DNA and how forensic analysts can examine criminal evidence and create a genetic chain that leads to the perpetrator. This complex topic is made easy to understand through engaging fact boxes and informative sidebars, and the science is brought into sharp focus through eye-catching photographs.This second edition is edited and expanded to cover the basics of LTDNA technology. The author's own open-source R code likeLTD is described and used for worked examples in the book. Commercial and free software are also covered.
Author: David J. Balding
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9781118814550
Category: Mathematics
Page: 232
View: 502
DNA evidence is widely used in the modern justice system. Statistical methodology plays a key role in ensuring that this evidence is collected, interpreted, analysed and presented correctly. This book is a guide to assessing DNA evidence and presenting that evidence in a courtroom setting. It offers practical guidance to forensic scientists with little dependence on mathematical ability, and provides the scientist with the understanding they require to apply the methods in their work. Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2005 there have been many incremental changes, and one dramatic change which is the emergence of low template DNA (LTDNA) profiles. This second edition is edited and expanded to cover the basics of LTDNA technology. The author's own open-source R code likeLTD is described and used for worked examples in the book. Commercial and free software are also covered.This book describesthe DNA technology used to compare the genetic profile of a crime scene sample to that of a suspect as well as the statisticalinterpretation of a match.
Author: Henry Erlich
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780190909444
Category: Medical
Page: 417
View: 919
"Forensic DNA evidence has helped convict the guilty, exonerate the wrongfully convicted, identify victims of genocide, and reunite families torn apart by war and repressive regimes. Yet many of the scientific, legal, and ethical concepts that underpin forensic DNA evidence remain unclear to the general public, judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys and students of law, forensic sciences, ethics, and genetics. Silent Witness examines the history and development of DNA forensics, its applications in the courtroom and humanitarian settings, and the relevant scientific, legal, and psychosocial issues. This book describesthe DNA technology used to compare the genetic profile of a crime scene sample to that of a suspect as well as the statisticalinterpretation of a match. It also reviews how databases can be searched to identify suspects and how DNA evidence can be used to exonerate the wrongfully convicted. Recent developments in DNA technology are reviewed as are strategies for analyzing sampleswith multiple contributors.Silent Witness recounts how the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo searched for children kidnapped during military rule in Argentina as well as recent efforts to locate missing children in El Salvador. Other chapters examine the role that DNA forensics played in the identification of victims of genocide in Bosnia and terrorism in the post 9/11 era. Social anthropologists, legal scholars and scientists then explore current applications of DNA analysis in human trafficking, mass catastrophes, border policies affecting immigration, and the ethical issues associated with privacy, informed consent and the potential misuse of genetic data"--Intended as an introductory guide and reference to forensic techniques for front-line police officers, criminal attorneys, journalists, crime authors and just interested readers, this encyclopedic book is a must read for any true crime ...
Author: RJ Parker
Publisher: RJ PARKER PUBLISHING, INC.
ISBN: 9781514348369
Category: Law
Page: 400
View: 426
Including several cold cases that were most recently solved using forensic analysis. Also, the pros and cons of forensic science. From ballistics and blood splatter patterns to DNA analysis and voice printing, RJ Parker explores the highly complex world of investigative forensic sciences. Intended as an introductory guide and reference to forensic techniques for front-line police officers, criminal attorneys, journalists, crime authors and just interested readers, this encyclopedic book is a must read for any true crime aficionado. Parker examines various forensic techniques and principles of investigative sciences, some of the historical figures in the evolution of forensics over the last two centuries, and provides real cold case examples where forensic sciences were key to not only in identifying the guilty but also in clearing the innocent and freeing the wrongly convicted.This handbook covers tested and proven DNA forensic testing methodologies, forensic bioinformatics techniques, case studies and current forensic legal framework for investigation of variety of crimes and provides a clinching evidence for ...
Author: Amit Kumar
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9789811900433
Category: Medical
Page: 191
View: 337
This handbook covers tested and proven DNA forensic testing methodologies, forensic bioinformatics techniques, case studies and current forensic legal framework for investigation of variety of crimes and provides a clinching evidence for speedy justice. DNA testing is widely used for forensic purposes and is changing the paradigm of (crime) investigation. The book contains chapters on usage of ultramodern DNA collection kits, presents era evidence collection and preservation, high-end DNA sample analysis in laboratory, DNA legislation, expert evidences, challenging and successful case studies, data generation and application of AI and IoT techniques for DNA data analysis, DNA databanks and training manpower to facilitate timely reporting to the requesting agencies. This handbook equips and enables police, investigators and crime analysis laboratories with knowhow of high-end tools, procedures and techniques to link or exclude a criminal to a crime. It is expected that this will be used by first responders, police, forensic analysts, judiciaries, evidence handlers and students and scholars of criminology and forensic sciences worldwide. The intention to write this handbook is to make DNA technology and its importance reach every common man and professional for correctly using it as a tool as and when required. This is quite evident that awareness of DNA technology has increased at a reasonable pace. Courts and investigating agencies are convinced and confident with its accuracy, reliability and unmatched peace delivered by various techniques of DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling.Focusing solely on the science behind the forensic analysis of biological evidence, this book highlights the principles, methods, and techniques used in forensic sero
Author: Richard Li
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420043440
Category: Law
Page: 435
View: 707
Designed as an accessible introduction to basic scientific principles and their application in professional practice, Forensic Biology provides a concise overview of the field. Focusing solely on the science behind the forensic analysis of biological evidence, this book highlights the principles, methods, and techniques used in forensic seroAssembling the contributions of contributors from numerous regions around the world, this volume is designed as both a textbook for forensic molecular biology students and a reference for practitioners and those in the legal system.
Author: Dragan Primorac
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781466580220
Category: Law
Page: 652
View: 296
Forensic DNA Applications: An Interdisciplinary Perspective was developed as an outgrowth of a conference held by the International Society of Applied Biological Sciences. The topic was human genome–based applications in forensic science, anthropology, and individualized medicine. Assembling the contributions of contributors from numerous regions around the world, this volume is designed as both a textbook for forensic molecular biology students and a reference for practitioners and those in the legal system. The book begins with the history and development of DNA typing and profiling for criminal and civil purposes. It discusses the statistical interpretation of results with case examples, mitochondrial DNA testing, Y single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short tandem repeats (STRs), and X SNP and STR testing. It also explores low copy number DNA typing, mixtures, and quality assurance and control. The second section examines the collection and preservation of biological evidence under a variety of different circumstances and the identification of human remains—including in mass disaster settings. It discusses applications to bioterrorism investigations, animal DNA testing in criminal cases, pedigree questions and wildlife forensic problems, applications in forensic entomology, and forensic botany. The third section explores recent developments and new technologies, including the rigorous identification of tissue of origin, mtDNA profiling using immobilized probe strips, chips and next-generation sequencing, the use of SNPs to ascertain phenotypic characteristics, and the "molecular autopsy" that looks at aspects of toxicogenetics and pharmacogenetics. The book concludes with a discussion on law, ethics, and policy. It examines the use of DNA evidence in the criminal justice system in both the United States and Europe, ethical issues in forensic laboratory practices, familial searches, DNA databases, ancestry searches, physical phenotyping, and report writing. The contributors also examine DNA applications in immigration and human trafficking cases and international perspectives on DNA databases.