This book presents the definitive exposition of 'prospect theory', a compelling alternative to the classical utility theory of choice.
Author: Daniel Kahneman
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521627494
Category: Business & Economics
Page: 840
View: 763
An approach to the understanding of human decision making.Andreas Diekmann, Klaus Eichner, Peter Schmidt, Thomas Voss. limits to the
inclusion of explanatory factors within the “wide“ rational choice model. It is true
that, in principle, any number of factors may enter into a rational choice
explanation.
Author: Andreas Diekmann
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
ISBN: 9783531908663
Category: Social Science
Page: 344
View: 166
In der Soziologie finden Rational-Choice (RC)-Erklärungen zunehmende Verbreitung. Sie sollen einerseits zu einer Lösung allgemeiner theoretischer Kernprobleme (Erklärung von sozialer Ordnung, Kooperation und sozialen Normen) beitragen. Darüber hinaus dominiert die RC-Theorie mittlerweile zahlreiche Felder der empirischen Forschung. In diesem Band beschreiben namhafte Autoren die umfangreichen theoretischen und empirischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Ein Schwerpunkt der theoretischen Arbeiten sind Analysen sozialer Normen. Die empirischen Beiträge und Anwendungen behandeln ein breites Spektrum von Themen, u.a. aus der Soziologie des abweichenden Verhaltens, der politischen Soziologie und der Analyse des Terrorismus. Abgerundet werden die Aufsätze durch methodologische Überlegungen. Der Band liefert Studierenden und Forschern eine umfassende Orientierung über wichtige Entwicklungslinien dieses Forschungsprogramms.A CONCLUSION—WHAT CHOICE? We started our journey together with a
comparison between the onset of Modernity and our Digital Modern era. And
throughout this book we've contemplated, from all different angles, the messy
space ...
Author: Christopher Peterka
Publisher: Murmann Publishers GmbH
ISBN: 9783867746410
Category: Political Science
Page: 336
View: 518
Ein humanistischer, ökologischer und technologischer Weckruf - konzipiert als zweisprachiges E-Book in Deutsch und Englisch. // A humanist, ecological, and technological call to action - designed as a bilingual e-book in German and English. Der Wandel ist heute so schnell wie noch nie. Wir drohen an Überforderung durch neue Technologien und maßlose Informationsvielfalt kollektiv zu ersticken und mit uns das, was wir einmal Gesellschaft nannten. Jene, die den Wandel vorantreiben, haben vor allem zweierlei im Sinn: Profit und Macht. Sie missbrauchen uns als Klickvieh und Datenlieferant, reduzieren uns auf ein Dasein als Human Ressource und Konsument. Dadurch gefährden sie unsere Demokratie, Vielfalt und heute schon die Menschheit als solche. So muss es nicht weitergehen, sagt Humanist und Unternehmer Christopher Peterka. Statt unser Streben nur noch auf seine Wirtschaftlichkeit abzustellen, plädiert er für einen radikal offenen Dialog über das Menschsein: Wer wollen wir sein? Wie wollen wir miteinander als Gesellschaft leben? Welchen Sinn soll unser Streben haben? Wir müssen diese fundamentalen Fragen neu verhandeln sonst tun es andere. Dafür müssen wir jedoch kurzsichtige Lösungen hinter uns lassen, in den Widerstand gegen das gegenwärtige System gehen und uns von den Ketten, die uns derzeit noch halten, lösen. Deine Wahl soll uns ermutigen, den Status quo in Frage zu stellen und als progressiver Optimist das System nachhaltig zu verändern. English Change today is happening faster than ever before. We are overwhelmed by new technologies and an excess of information, and we feel that we and what we used to think of as society are being suffocated. Those who drive this change pursue primarily two goals: profit and power. They lure us with clickbait and abuse us as a data pool, reducing our existence to one of human resource and consumer. In doing so they threaten our democracy, our diversity, even our humanity itself. It doesn t have to be like this, thinks humanist and entrepreneur Christopher Peterka. Instead of basing our ambition on purely economic yield, he pleads for a radical new dialogue about being human: Who do we want to be? How do we want to live together as a society? What meaning is our ambition meant to have? We have to consider these questions afresh, because if we don t do so, others will. But this means leaving behind short term solutions, and taking a stance against the current system to throw off the shackles that tie us down. Your Choice is a call to action that encourages us to challenge the status quo and to bring lasting change as progressive optimists. To carry its global appeal across geographical boundaries, this book is designed as a bilingual e-book in German and English.JEFFERY SOBAL, CAROLE A. BISOGNI, CAROL M. DEVINE AND MARGARET
JASTRAN Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853,
USA Introduction Food choice involves the selection and consumption of foods ...
Author: Richard Shepherd
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 9781845930868
Category: Psychology
Page: 399
View: 631
One of the central problems in nutrition is the difficulty of getting people to change their dietary behaviours so as to bring about an improvement in health. What is required is a clearer understanding of the motivations of consumers, barriers to changing diets and how we might have an impact upon dietary behaviour. This book brings together theory, research and applications from psychology and behavioural sciences applied to dietary behaviour. The authors are all international leaders in their respective fields and together give an overview of the current understanding of consumer food choice.Each time we revise Economics: Private and Public Choice, we strive to better
help students apply the principles of economics to the world around them. The
12th edition of the book is no exception. Perhaps the most notable change in the
...
Author: James Gwartney
Publisher: Cengage Learning
ISBN: 9780324580181
Category: Business & Economics
Page: 848
View: 876
ECONOMICS: PRIVATE AND PUBLIC CHOICE includes many more engaging elements—such as scenes from popular movies and applications of economic theory to real-world issues—to help you see how these theories apply to the world around you. Each chapter has been updated to reflect today’s market, including analysis and explanation of measures of current economic activity. You’ll also find highlights of the lives of notable economists and how they contributed to the thinking that shapes our markets today. Common economic myths are dispelled, and the “invisible hand” metaphor is applied to economic theory, demonstrating how it’s working even today to stimulate the economy. This 12th edition includes new technology features such as a robust set of online multimedia learning tools, including video clips and free quizzes designed to support your classroom work; a completely updated Aplia interactive learning system with practice problems, interactive tutorials, online experiences, and more. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version.Rational. Choice. Ronald V. Clarke and Marcus Felson It might seem strange that
proponents of two distinct theoretical approaches should join forces in a single
volume less than fifteen years after the appearance of what might be considered
...
Author: R. V. G. Clarke
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 1560000872
Category: Social Science
Page: 418
View: 762
Two new criminological approaches are defined and applied to categories of crime in Routine Activity and Rational Choice, now available in paperback. Routine activity analyzes the criminal event, and avoids motivations and psychology as topics for discussion, whereas rational choice approaches crime as purposive behavior designed to meet the offender's commonplace needs, such as money, status, sex, and excitement. These conceptual models are both employed to analyze such crimes as drunk driving, gun use, kidnapping, and political violence. This volume discusses the relationship of these theories to more traditional approaches to crime studies. The Advances in Criminological Theory series encourages theory construction and validation in the articles and themes selected for publication. It also furthers the free exchange of ideas, propositions, and postulates. Following publication of the first volume, Michael J. Lynch of Florida State University asserted that "Advances in Criminological Theory is to be applauded as an attempt to revive criminological theory by providing an accessible outlet." Contributions to this volume include: Pierre Tremblay, "Searching for Suitable Co-offenders"; Raymond Paternoster and Sally Simpson, "A Rational Choice Theory of Corporate Crime"; Richard B. Felson, "Predatory and Dispute-related Violence"; Gordon Trasler, "Conscience, Opportunity, Rational Choice, and Crime"; Ezzat A. Fattah, "The Rational Choice/Opportunity Perspectives as a Vehicle for Integrating Criminological and Victimological Theories"; Patricia L. Brantingham and Paul J. Brantingham, "Environment, Routine, and Situation"; Maurice Cusson, "A Strategic Analysis of Crime"; Richard W. Harding, "Gun Use in Crime, Rational Choice, and Social Learning Theory."Choice. Theory? Bernard. Grofman. Morris P. Fiorina (1989) has recently
suggested that a very good argument can be made for the claim that "turnout is
the paradox that ate rational choice theory." The motivation for this claim is the
belief that ...
Author: Bernard Grofman
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN: 0472083430
Category: Political Science
Page: 285
View: 487
A review of the consequences for political science of Anthony Downs's seminal work.2.1 Indirect socio-cultural effects 2.1.1 Availability. price and convenience/
technology These influences do not require the presence of a social agent (
person) at the time of eating or choice, or at any particular point in development.
They are ...
Author: Herbert L. Meiselman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0751401927
Category: Business & Economics
Page: 397
View: 186
The role of the human senses in food acceptance, the socio-cultural context of eating and food choice, what animal research tells us about human eating, the developments of childresns eating habits, what does abnormal eating tell us about normal eating, the contextual basis for food acceptanc, food choice and food intake, marketing and consumer behaviour with respect to foods, economic influences on food choice, food choice,mood and mental performance, attitudes and belifs inf food habits, dietary change.An account of the overlapping effects of social class, ethnicity and gender in the process of choosing which university to attend.
Author: Diane Reay
Publisher: Trentham Books
ISBN: 1858563305
Category: Education
Page: 180
View: 469
An account of the overlapping effects of social class, ethnicity and gender in the process of choosing which university to attend. The shift from an elite to a mass system has been accompanied by much political rhetoric about widening access, achievement-for-all and meritocratic equalisation.Chapter 2 The False Paradox of Choice in Rational Choice Theory Rational
choice theorists' conception of choice is paradoxical. On the one hand,
individuals' choices, based on market models, are central to democracy as
rational choice ...
Author: Emily Hauptmann
Publisher: SUNY Press
ISBN: 0791430278
Category: Political Science
Page: 138
View: 779
Shows how rational choice theory's critique and justification of democracy fails in its project to recast democratic theory.Rational choice theory (RCT), the modern-day inheritor of this orderly,
predictable vision of the world, and the fear of the 'irrational' it contains, provides
a paradigmatic example of these legacies and the need to move beyond them.
The target ...
Author: Margaret Scotford Archer
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 041524272X
Category: Social Science
Page: 257
View: 526
This critique of Rational choice theory focuses on the four assumptions which form the bedrock of rational choice; rationality, individualism, process and aggregation, drawing on a range of ssues such as race, marriage, health and education.Choice. Experiments: an. Overview. of. Concepts. and. Issues. Jordan. J.
Louviere. 2.1. INTRODUCTION. 2.1.1 Choice Experiments: an Introduction to
Concepts It is now almost 20 years since the idea of designed choice
experiments arose ...
Author: Jeff Bennett
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 178195660X
Category: Business & Economics
Page: 269
View: 994
'. . . a very useful single source for those interested in environmental evaluation using choice models.' - David A. Hensher, Australian Journal of Environmental Management '. . . this book can serve as a firm basis to start understanding what CM is about. . .' - Jesús Barreiro Hurlé, European Review of Agricultural Economics Choice Modelling is a technique that has recently emerged as a means of estimating the demand for environmental goods and the benefits and costs associated with them. The aims of the book are fourfold: * to introduce the technique in the environmental context * to demonstrate its use in a range of case studies * to provide insights into some methodological issues * to explore the prospects for the technique.2 Properties of Discrete Choice Models 2.1 Overview This chapter describes the
features that are common to all discrete choice models. We start by discussing
the choice set, which is the set of options that are available to the decision maker.
Author: Kenneth Train
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521017157
Category: Business & Economics
Page: 334
View: 939
The author investigates recent discrete choice methods, focusing on advances that simulation has made possible.3.1 A mode choice example 32 4.1 Lisco,s binary probit model 76 4.2 Binary logit
model 78 4.3 Simple binary example 88 4.4 Data for simple binary example 88
4.5 Estimation results for simple binary logit example 90 4.6 Washington, D.C., ...
Author: Moshe E. Ben-Akiva
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262022176
Category: Architecture
Page: 390
View: 985
Discrete Choice Analysis presents these results in such a way that they are fully accessible to the range of students and professionals who are involved in modelling demand and consumer behavior in general or specifically in transportation - whether from the point of view of the design of transit systems, urban and transport economics, public policy, operations research, or systems management and planning. The methods of discrete choice analysis and their applications in the modelling of transportation systems constitute a comparatively new field that has largely evolved over the past 15 years. Since its inception, however, the field has developed rapidly, and this is the first text and reference work to cover the material systematically, bringing together the scattered and often inaccessible results for graduate students and professionals. Discrete Choice Analysis presents these results in such a way that they are fully accessible to the range of students and professionals who are involved in modelling demand and consumer behavior in general or specifically in transportation - whether from the point of view of the design of transit systems, urban and transport economics, public policy, operations research, or systems management and planning. The introductory chapter presents the background of discrete choice analysis and context of transportation demand forecasting. Subsequent chapters cover, among other topics, the theories of individual choice behavior, binary and multinomial choice models, aggregate forecasting techniques, estimation methods, tests used in the process of model development, sampling theory, the nested-logit model, and systems of models. Discrete Choice Analysis is ninth in the MIT Press Series in Transportation Studies, edited by Marvin Manheim.Ayala Malach-Pines and Oshrit Kaspi-Baruch The choice of a career is a complex
and multifaceted process that includes all the spheres of a person's life (Hall,
1996). Since the early 1900s, many attempts have been made to classify the ...
Author: Mustafa F. Özbilgin
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 9781847208828
Category: Business & Economics
Page: 616
View: 638
Presents an assessment of early influences on the career choice of managers and entrepreneurs, their attitudes at the start of their careers as students, and in their later employment experiences. This book also examines the influence of an MBA education on the later work and life experiences of managers and entrepreneurs.In this collection of papers by leading researchers from academic and practitioner backgrounds, the current evidence from a range of fields is reviewed.
Author: John Radford
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9781134735679
Category: Psychology
Page: 208
View: 453
Despite many years of equality of choice, boys and girls continue to differ in both the subjects they study at school and later in the careers they decide to pursue. In this collection of papers by leading researchers from academic and practitioner backgrounds, the current evidence from a range of fields is reviewed. Drawing on both their own original research and that of others, the contributors consider topics as diverse as subject choice in secondary school, differences in brain functions between the sexes, the comparison of men and women in management and recruiting women to science and technology.The previous chapter discussed preferences; this chapter examines how
strategic settings affect choices. The choices of many actors determine outcomes
in international politics. The international system is defined by actors and by the
actions ...
Author: David A. Lake
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691026971
Category: Political Science
Page: 271
View: 887
The strategic-choice approach has a long pedigree in international relations. In an area often rent by competing methodologies, editors David A. Lake and Robert Powell take the best of accepted and contested knowledge among many theories. With the contributors to this volume, they offer a unifying perspective, which begins with a simple insight: students of international relations want to explain the choices actors make--whether these actors be states, parties, ethnic groups, companies, leaders, or individuals. This synthesis offers three new benefits: first, the strategic interaction of actors is the unit of analysis, rather than particular states or policies; second, these interactions are now usefully organized into analytic schemes, on which conceptual experiments may be based; and third, a set of methodological "bets" is then made about the most productive ways to analyze the interactions. Together, these elements allow the pragmatic application of theories that may apply to a myriad of particular cases, such as individuals protesting environmental degradation, governments seeking to control nuclear weapons, or the United Nations attempting to mobilize member states for international peacekeeping. Besides the editors, the six contributors to this book, all distinguished scholars of international relations, are Jeffry A. Frieden, James D. Morrow, Ronald Rogowski, Peter Gourevitch, Miles Kahler, and Arthur A. Stein. Their work is an invaluable introduction for scholars and students of international relations, economists, and government decision-makers.As an aside, the average utility for the last alternative is not strictly zero, as the
utility outputs for an alternative derived from models of discrete choice are
meaningful only when examined relative to the utility estimate obtained for a
second ...
Author: David A. Hensher
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521844266
Category: Business & Economics
Page: 717
View: 549
In recent years there has been a growing interest in the development and application of quantitative statistical methods to study choices made by individuals. This primer provides an introduction to the main techniques of choice analysis and also includes detail on data collection and preparation, model estimation and interpretation and the design of choice experiments. A companion website provides practice data sets and software to apply modeling and data skills presented in the book. An invaluable resource to students and of value to anyone interested in choice analysis and modelling.Chapter IV Neuroeconomics: Emotions in Contemporary Neuropsychologial
Theory and in Consumer Choice CHAPTER OUTLINE This chapter deals with
the development of our understanding of the brain and its functions, particularly
as they ...
Author: Flemming Hansen
Publisher: Copenhagen Business School Press DK
ISBN: 8763001985
Category: Business & Economics
Page: 462
View: 336
"Emotions, Advertising and Consumer Choice focuses on recent neurological and psychological insights - originating from brain scanning or neurological experiments - on basic emotional processes in the brain and their role in controlling human behaviour. These insights are translated by the authors to cover the behaviour of ordinary individuals in everyday life. The book looks at these developments in the light of traditional cognitive theories of consumer choice and it discusses the implications for advertising and other communication testing."--Jacket.Thus Shepsle argues that the comparative advantage of rational choice theorists
lies in deriving theoretical propositions and advancing theoretical arguments ;
empirical assessment is a secondary matter ' ( Shepsle , 1996 : 219 . See also ...
Author: Stephen Parsons
Publisher: A&C Black
ISBN: 0826477216
Category: Political Science
Page: 189
View: 122
Rational Choice Theory claims to be able to explain how all individuals make not just some of their choices, but all of their choices, all of the time. According to the theory, there is no difference in principle between choosing whether to buy apples rather than bananas or choosing whether to join a political revolution instead of staying at home and watching television. Given these claims to universal applicability, it is perhaps not surprising to find that over the last three or four decades Rational Choice Theory has become increasingly influential as a means of providing explanations in politics. The textbook introduces the premises of Rational Choice Theory and illustrates how this theory can be applied to political studies. The book concludes with an assessment of the usefulness of the model in the light of the problems highlighted. -"Parson's book provides a lucid presentation and a cogent critique of Rational Choice Theory in economics and politics." Professor Steve Pressman, Department of Economics and Finance, Monmouth University, USA